Author: Andrzej Sagalara

Walking trainings are becoming more and more popular as a moderate training form. While doing systematically, this activity shows pro- health influence improving physical capacity. The scientists from Charles University in Prague examined the influence of walking training on aerobic capacity and the body elements of untrained middle- aged men. The research were led on 68 men aged from 40 to 50 and with their body mass 79+/-7. The training programme lasted for 5 months. Its intensity ranged from 50-70% VO2 max. The training sessions took place from 3 to 5 times a week, each of them lasted from 20…

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Altitude (mountain) training and its influence on changes in oxygen blood capacity and on the improvement of physical efficiency of sportspersons highly interests sports coaches and sports competitors. Adaptative changes within an organism (such as erytropoesa intensification) that occurs due to staying in high- mountain conditions (lower atmospheric pressure and lower partial blood pressure) may beneficiently influence on intensifying the ability of transporting oxygen in blood, leading to improve competitors’ effort abilities. The scientists from Swiss Sport Institute published in 2006 the results of their scientific experiment. They examined the influence of 24- day high mountain training done in a…

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Scientific researches about an oxidative stress are getting more and more popular among scientists. The oxidative stress occurs when there is a loss of balance between the production of free radicals (reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen) and antioxidative protective mechanism (that neutralizes reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen). Intensification of oxygen consumption and intensified tempo of oxidative phosphorylation during constant physical effort causes the creation of free radicals of mitochondrial level. It leads to disorders in metabolic process and to the intensification of the process damaging a lot of cells structures. But, what is interesting, it has been proved…

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There are some differences existing in muscle metabolic profiles of children and adults. In subsequent periods of ontogenesis there is a gradual growth of anaerobic metabolic pathways in kids’ and teenagers’ organisms. These changes explain increasing abilities (during the years) to perform short physical efforts with a high and maximal intensity. In one of the researches conducted (whose results were published in ‘Journal of Applied Psychology’) scientists decided to examine differences in effort changes of metabolites accumulation during gradual physical effort involving a belly of a calf. To aim this, the nuclear magnetic resonance (31p-NMR) were used to analyze changes…

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Carbohydrates ingestion in drinks during physical exercises increases endurance abilities and slows down glycogen sources deplation and enables to keep dextrose concentration in blood on a correct level. Scientists from California University examined the influence of different carbohydrate supplementation forms according to changes of tolerance on endurance exercises. Carbohydrates were taken in 3 different forms: as drinks, gels and gel- sweets. There were 8 women and 8 men aged about 35 at the research moment. They underwent endurance exercises including the two following stages mentioned below. The examination was launched with a 80-minute long cycloergometre training with the intensity of…

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Danish scientists have made a detailed analyze of previous scientific researches concerning exhaustion among players during a football match. By estimating Footballers’ activity during a match (including the time of and active game and the distance covered within it) proved that exhaustion symptoms among footballers are usually visible in three phases of a match: 1) During short and intensive parts of a game (during a match) 2) At the beginning of a second half 3) In the last minutes of a game According to the authors, direct causes of a ‘shot- time’ exhaustion that accompanies an intensive competitor’s effort are…

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Following the rules of decent liquid intake among young sportpersons, especially during physical effort in a higher temperature around allows to limit the risk of dehydration and its negative consequences. Dehydration decreases effort abilities and makes the risk of occurring health problems. One can observe a lot of differences in functioning thermoregulative organs in children’s and adult’s bodies. The speed of sweat production during physical effort is lower among children than among adults, but a spontaneous intake of liquid (according to a body mass) I similar in both groups and sometimes even bigger among children. Rational liquid intake among young…

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A debate about the possibility of “breaking” the barrier of 2 hours in the marathon has been published by Joyner et al. (2011) in the Journal of Applied Physiology. The authors have expressed their opinions about the optimal runner’s physiological profile which would make it possible to achieve that result. On the basis of an analysis of the history of marathon world records, it was shown that since the early 1950s to present time, there has been an improvement in the marathon run record by more than 16 minutes. The current world men’s record holder in marathon is Kenyan runner…

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Have you ever thought about energy value of a doughnut and how long you need to exercise to “burn” its calories. The average size doughnut has a weight of about 70 g (depending on its size which varies from 60 to 80 g). Energy value of one doughnut (70 g) is approximately 290 kcal (because it is approximately 414 kcal/100 g of product). Nutrients in one doughnut (per 100 g of product): protein: 7.6 g carbohydrates: 62,1 g fat: 15.5 g fiber: 1.5 g Nutrients in one doughnut (at 70 g of the product): protein: 5.3 g carbohydrates: 43 g fat:…

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The results of studies indicate that blood donation can have short-term impact on reduction of the exercise tolerance in the wide range of endurance activities. The aim of the research conducted by a team of scientists from the University of Aberystwyth (Wales) was to assess the impact of blood donation (in the amount of approx. 450 ml) for a change of exercise tolerance and size of VO2ma among young (23 years ± 6 years) healthy individuals (10 men and 1 woman have been studied). The studied individuals were asked to perform several tests on a cycle ergometer to measure the…

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